Chapter+2-1.+The+New+Gov.+Takes+Shape


 * Chapter 2-1: The New Government Takes Shape:**

- Key Words/Terms:
 * **Judiciary Act of 1789:** Included 5 people picked by the president to be in the supreme court but the Senate had to approve of them before being part of the Court
 * **Bill of Rights:** The first 12 amendments
 * **Cabinet:** Advisers of the three departments
 * **Strict Construction:** narrow constitutional interpretation (Jefferson)
 * **Strict Construction:** inside limits of gov. were reasonable action (Hamilton)
 * **Little Turtle:** Leader of the Indian Nations defending their homes
 * **Alien and Sedition Act:** President could imprison any Foreign thought to be dangerous to the peace
 * **Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions:** Denounced the acts that were unconstitutional
 * **Judicial Review:** thought by John Marshall courts review congress's acts and also the laws the state pass's
 * **Marbury v. Madison:** Judicial Review was first used during this case
 * **Louisiana Purchase:** Finished in 1803

-Key People:
 * George Washington: First President
 * Alexander Hamilton: The Treasury Department's adviser, most loyal to George Washington. Most intelligent. Knew Washington during the war.
 * John Adams led federal party and liked a strong national gov.
 * Tom Jefferson; Democratic republican
 * James Madison: Democratic-Republican
 * John Marshall: help make basic principles on constitution.

Key Events: - State Department: Foreign - War Department: Military - Treasury Department: Country Finances
 * The Judiciary Act of 1789 determined the Federal Court's power
 * Congress needed to protect the freedom of the citizens so they made 12 amendments and edited it to 10 in 1701. This is the Bill of Rights
 * Three departments were made to help the President
 * Head of these Departments were his advisers also known as the Cabinet
 * Hamilton thought the gov. should be supported by the wealthy and Federal gov. David Hume and Adam Smith both influenced and helped his ideas. He thought to make the Nation stronger, the Congress needed to pay off their debts. They payed their foreign nations $12 million but the southern states disagreed. Next they were going to move the capital to Philadelphia. Next he proposed a bank but southerners objected and Jefferson pointed out it was unconstitutional. Washington took Hamilton's side. (1791)
 * passed tax on whiskey production 1791. Three farmers rebelled from Philadelphia but stopped when Washington called in troops
 * Settlers took over American Indian land and so the Indians rebelled to defend lands. Leader was little Turtle. Indians defeated U.S military at the battle at Wabash River. President sent 3,000 troops who defeated indians in 1794 battle of fallen timbers. Years later 10 leaders signed a treaty with U.S gov. and handed over most of their land.
 * France and Britain in war and took American merchant ships going to enemy ports. Britain kidnapped U.S sailors so in 1794a treaty between Britain solved that issue somewhat.
 * Some supporters of they federalist party were church leaders, lawyers, manufacturers, and merchants from New England.
 * Democratic republicans: protect rights of states
 * Washington did not do a third term and John Adams became president, Thomas Jefferson Vice President.
 * France and U.S were fighting and unnamed war at sea because they kept taking our ships
 * Alien and Sedition Act was made in 1798
 * Jefferson made the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
 * 1801 Jefferson was in Office
 * Federalists did not want their programs forgotten so John Adams worked late his last night in office making the "Midnight Judges."
 * 1803 Jefferson sent James Menroe to Paris offer $10 million dollars to Napolean for New Orleans and West Florida. But Payed $15 million
 * 1807 British attacked American ships
 * Embargo Act of 1807 to stop American products at foreign ports made it shard for merchants and farners
 * 1812, Madison declared war on Britain
 * Did not get to conquer Canada but defeated Britain and Indian allies
 * 1814 Britain burned most of Washington Capital
 * 1815, won New Orleans